Culture and society are intricately related.A culture consists of the “objects” of a society,whereas a society consists of the people who share a common culture.When the terms culture and society first acquired their current meanings,most people in the world worked and lived in small groups in the same locale.Some Socialogists define society as the people who interact in sach a way as to share a common culture.The cultural bond may be ethnic or racial,based on gender,or due to shared beliefs,values,and activities.The term society can also have a geographic meaning and refer to people who share a common culture in a particular location.For example,people living in arctic climates developed different cultures from those living in desert cultures.In time, a large variety of human cultures arose around the world. Iranian influence in and beyond the region of Kashmir is a long-term phenomenon.Inscriptions in sogdian,Parthian, and Middle Persion demonstrate pre-Islamic contacts there with Iranian-speakers (Jettmar,p.402;inscriptional material in Sims-Williams).New Persian spread in the valley of Kashmir durind the rule of the Sah-Miri dynasty (1339-1561).The interest in Persian was initiated by Sehab-al-Din Sirasamak (r.1354-74) and flourished under Sultan Zayn-al-Abedin (1420-70).Continuous efforts to develop Persian scholarship since that time,the availability of locally produced,high-quality paper,and the constant influx of Iranian scholar earned Kashmir its surname Iran-e-sagir, “Little Iran”.