References

1.       Al-Dhariyat, 19

2.       Ibn Faris, Mu‘jam Maqayis al-Lughah, Jild 2, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, p. 15

3.       Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-‘Arab, Jild 10, Beirut: Dar Sader, p. 51

4.       https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/human-rights

5.       Abid

6.       Al-Baqarah, 221

7.       Farahidi, Khalil Kitab al-‘Ayn, Darul Kutub Ilmiya Beruit V2, P48S

8.       https://www.britannica.com/topic/slavery-sociology

9.       UNO Office of the Human Rights, Article 1 Slavery Conviction, www.ohchr

10.    Ibid

11.    J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract, 1762

12.    Al-Baqarah, 177

13.    Al-Balad, 11:16

14.    An-Nisa, 92

15.    Al-Ma’idah, 89

16.    Bukhari, Kitab al-Talaq, Bab al-Zihar, Jami‘ al-Sahih, Dar al-Salam, Riyadh, 1999

17.    Muhammad ibn Isma‘il al-Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, Kitab al-‘Ilm, Hadith No. 97, Beirut: Dar Tawak al-Najah, 1989

18.    Bukhari, Kitab al-Ijarah, Hadith No. 2270, Jami‘ al-Sahih, Dar al-Salam, Riyadh, 1999

 

19.    Muhammad ibn Isma‘il al-Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, Kitab al-Din, Bab: fi al-‘Itq, Beirut: Dar Tawak al-Najah, 1989

20.    Abu Dawood, Sulayman ibn al-Ash‘ath, Sunan Abu Dawood, Kitab al-Adab, Hadith No. 4975, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1986

21.    Imam Malik ibn Anas, al-Muwatta, Kitab al-‘Itqah, Hadith No. 2875, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1987

22.    Abu Dawood, Sulayman ibn al-Ash‘ath, Sunan Abu Dawood, Kitab al-‘Itq, Hadith No. 3931, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1996

23.    Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani, al-Isabah fi Tamyiz al-Sahabah, Jild 3, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, pp. 306–307

24.    Ibn Hisham, Sirat Ibn Hisham, Jild 4, Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, p. 313

25.    Abu Dawood, Sulayman ibn al-Ash‘ath, Sunan Abu Dawood, Kitab al-‘Itq, Hadith No. 3937, Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2001

26.    Ibn Athir, ‘Izz al-Din Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Jazari, Asad al-Ghabah fi Ma‘rifat al-Sahabah, Jild 3, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1996, p. 256

27.    Ibid, pp. 256–257

28.    Ibn Sa‘d, Muhammad ibn Sa‘d, Tabaqat Ibn Sa‘d, Jild 3, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1995, p. 153

29.    Muhammad ibn Isma‘il al-Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari, Hadith No. 3763, Beirut: Dar Tawak al-Najah, 2001

30.    Muhammad ibn ‘Isa al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Hadith No. 3808, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1997

31.    Ruyani, Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah, Masnad al-Sahabah, Hadith No. 329, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1998

32.    Al-Dhahabi, Shams al-Din Muhammad, Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala’, Jild 3, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1997, p. 405

33.    Ibn ‘Asakir, Ali ibn Husayn, Tarikh Dimashq, Jild 3, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1998, p. 146

34.    Asad al-Ghabah, 1/126; Ibn Kathir, 5/332

35.    Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj, Sahih Muslim, Kitab al-Fada’il, Hadith No. 6011, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1999

36.    Ibn ‘Asakir, Ali ibn Husayn, Tarikh Dimashq, Jild 21, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1998, p. 388

37.    Ibn ‘Abd al-Barr, Muhammad ibn ‘Abdullah, al-Isti‘ab fi Ma‘rifat al-Ashab, Jild 2, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1997, p. 194

38.    Muhammad ibn ‘Isa al-Tirmidhi, Sunan al-Tirmidhi, Hadith No. 3822, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1997

39.    Al-Ahzab, 11

40.    Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalani, Fath al-Bari Sharh Sahih al-Bukhari, Jild 7, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1996, p. 453

41.    Al-Bazzar, Ahmad ibn Ali, Masnad al-Bazzar, Hadith No. 6534, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1999

42.    Sunan Ibn Majah, Kitab al-Jihad, Hadith: 2860

43.    Al-Dhahabi, Shams al-Din Muhammad, Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala’, Jild 1, Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-Turath al-‘Arabi, 1997, p. 539

 

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