^{1. Mohammad Maruf, “Unity of the Muslim World,” Iqbal Review / Iqbaliyat 65, no. 1 (2024): 3-14.}

^{2. Zorisha Tareen, Maria Wahid, Robina Rashid, “The Decline of Ijtihad and Its Revival in Iqbal’s Vision,” Payam: Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilizational Renewal 3 (2024): 245–257.}

^{3. Basrir Hamdani and Rasid, “Muhammad Iqbal’s Humanism: A Response to Religious-Sufistic and Secular Humanism,” Kordinat 23, no. 1 (2024): 112-130.}

^{4. ibid., 4-6.}

^{5. Maruf, “Unity of the Muslim World,” 7-8.}

^{6. Abdul Gaffar and Muhammed Anees, “Inclusive Tawḥīd as an Epistemology of Islamic Education,” FIKROTUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Manajemen Islam 15, no. 1 (2025): 1-15.}

^{7. AZWIRA Abdul Aziz, Aminudin Basir, Hazman Hassan, and Sakinah Saptu, “Purification of Tawḥīd in Islam through the Qur’an and Hadith,” MALIM: Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia Tenggara (2024): 45-58.}

^{8. Michael E. McGinnis, “Al-Ghazālī and the Causality Debate in Classical Islam,” Journal of Islamic Studies 31, no. 2 (2020): 133-151.}

^{9. Logan David Siler, Iqbal’s Poetic Vision, Metaphysics, and Evolution (Cham: Springer, 2025), 77-101.}

^{10. Zahira Jannataini, Jamali Jamali, and Sumanta Sumanta, “Philosophical Foundation of Islamic Education in Muhammad Iqbal’s Asrār-i Khudī: An Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Analysis,” Jurnal Fuaduna: Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan 9, no. 1 (2024): 22-38.}

^{11. Abdul Khaliq, “Iqbal’s Vision of God-Knowledge: The Intersection of Mysticism, Science, and Metaphysics,” Iqbal Review / Iqbaliyat 54, no. 4 (2013): 17-35.}

^{12. Sardar Fayyaz ul Hassan, “Metaphysics in the Metaphors: A Study of Iqbal’s Poetry I,” Iqbal Review / Iqbaliyat 63, no. 1 (2022): 40-59.}

^{13. Muhammad Iqbal, The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam (Lahore: Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 1930), 153.}

^{14. Zeenath Kausar, “A Philosophical Critique of Nationalism: Reflections of Iqbal,” American Journal of Islam and Society 20, no. 2 (2003): 1-25.}

^{15. Zahira Jannataini, Jamali Jamali, and Sumanta Sumanta, “Philosophical Foundation of Islamic Education in Muhammad Iqbal’s Asrār-i Khudī: An Ontological, Epistemological, and Axiological Analysis,” Jurnal Fuaduna: Jurnal Kajian Keagamaan dan Kemasyarakatan 9, no. 1 (2024): 22-38.}

^{16. Jannataini, Jamali, and Sumanta, “Philosophical Foundation,” 24.}

^{17. Alfan Hidayat and Johan Alamsah, “Muhammad Iqbal’s Philosophy of Khudī (A Critical Analysis of Modern Science),” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Theology and Philosophy 6, no. 1 (2024): 1-16.}

^{18. Ammar Junaid Asghar and Furrukh Khan, “Decolonization and Selfhood: Comparative Reflections on Iqbal’s Khudī and Fanon’s Revolutionary Consciousness,” Iqbal Review / Iqbaliyat 58, no. 2 (2017): 65-85.}

^{19. Jannataini, Jamali, and Sumanta, “Philosophical Foundation,” 30-32.}

^{20. Mohammad Maruf, “Unity of the Muslim World,” Iqbal Review / Iqbaliyat 65, no. 1 (2024): 3-14.}

^{21. Abdullah Firdaus, “Konsep Khudī dalam Ranah Sosial dan Agama Menurut Iqbal,” TAJDID: Jurnal Ilmu Ushuluddin 15, no. 2 (2024): 45-59.}

^{22. Muhammad ʿUthman EI-Muhammady, “Iqbal and Malay World,” Intellectual Discourse 10, no. 2 (2013): 45-63.}

^{23. Hafiz Gohar Mehmood and Muhammad Asif Awan, “The Colonial Perspective of Iqbal’s Thought: فکر اقبال کا نو آبادیاتی تناظر,” Tahreer: Jurnal of Languages and Literature 1, no. 2 (2024): 141-168.}

^{24. Maruf, “Unity of the Muslim World,” 8.}

^{25. Zahra Asgari, “Examining the Role and Influence of Islamic Mysticism in Expanding the Idea of the Unity of the Islamic World, Allamah Iqbal Lahori,” ANAHITA Journal 11, no. 9 (2024): 51-57.}

^{26. Tasnim Abdul Rahman and Ahmad Nabil Amir, “Ismail al-Faruqi’s Tawhidic Approach in the Context of IOK,” Jurnal Humanitas: Katalisator Perubahan dan Inovator Pendidikan 9, no. 2 (2023): 162-175.}

^{27. Saitul Mahtir et al., “From Theocentric to Anthropocentric: Reconfiguring Tawḥīd in Contemporary Islamic Thought,” Indonesian Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Society 10, no. 1 (2024): 11-12.}

^{28. Javeria Shah and Muhammad Zahid, “Allama Iqbal’s Concept of Self (Khudī) and Its Relevance to the Modern Digital World,” Al-Qalam Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 29, no. 1 (2024): 15-28.}

^{29. Ammar Junaid Asghar and Furrukh Khan, “Decolonization and Selfhood: Comparative Reflections on Iqbal’s Khudī and Fanon’s Revolutionary Consciousness,” Iqbal Review / Iqbaliyat 58, no. 2 (2017): 65-85.}

^{33. Samira Hamed, “Digital Surveillance, Selfhood, and the Crisis of Autonomy: An Islamic Ethical Appraisal,” Journal of Islamic Ethics 8, no. 2 (2024): 101-119.}

^{33. Ruqayya Azhari and Che Amnah Bahari, “Al-Faruqi’s Concept of Tawḥīd and Its Relevance to Madani’s Idea in Addressing the Issue of Racism in Malaysia,” AL-ITQĀN: Journal of Islamic Sciences and Comparative Studies 5, no. 1 (2023): 38-39.}

^{32. Farah Akmar Ano Salim, “Developing Entrepreneur’s Ethics from the Principles of Tawhidic Paradigm: An Empirical Study in Malaysia,” International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 25, no. 4 (2023): 13-42.}

^{33. Eayaz, Fazeel, and Maryam Zawar. “Reviving The Ummah Through Integrated Knowledge: Iqbal’s Contributions to Islamic Intellectual Revival.” PAKISTAN ISLAMICUS (An International Journal of Islamic & Social Sciences) 4, no. 04 (2024): 29-34.}

vvv