The state of Bahawalpur was a very rich Muslim state. Its rulers were generous and fond of not only knowledge but also learned personalities. They encouraged literary activities on large scale by rewarding and valuing poets and authors. It is why a large number of writers travelled to and settled in Bahawalpur. The article is an effort to bring forth the patronage of the royal family of Bahawalpur and their endeavors to promote learning especially of Urdu language and literature. The article is divided into three parts and sheds light on Urdu literary activities carried out  by locals, settlers and immigrants.